Below is the adapted abstract of a published research paper. Complete the four bullets (Just answer the bullets in complete sentences):

• Identify the kind of specialized developmental design that was used in this study.
• Identify the variables (e.g., dependent, indedependent, quasi-independent, and control) that were studied.
• What are the advantages of using this specialized design?
• How could you redesign the study using a different specialized developmental design? What would be the advantages and disadvantages of using the althernative design?

Adapted Abstract

Studied 245 adopted children and their biological and adoptive parents, as well as 245 matched non-adoptive parents and offspring to examine genetic versus environmental influences on cognitive development over a 20-year span. The children were tested at 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 12, and 16 years of age using standard intelligence tests. Results show that the adopted children resembled their adoptive parents slightly in early childhood but not at all in middle childhood or adolescence. In contrast, during childhood and adolescence adopted children become more like their biological parents, and to the same degree as children and parents in control families. Although these results were found for other specific cognitive abilities such as spatial ability, speed of processing, and recognition memory. These findings indicate that, within this population, genes that affect cognitive abilities in adulthood do not all come into play until adolescence and that environmental factors that contribute to cognitive development are not correlated with parents’ cognitive ability.

Below is the adapted abstract of a published research paper. Complete the four bullets (Just answer the bullets in complete sentences):

• Identify the kind of specialized developmental design that was used in this study.
• Identify the variables (e.g., dependent, indedependent, quasi-independent, and control) that were studied.
• What are the advantages of using this specialized design?
• How could you redesign the study using a different specialized developmental design? What would be the advantages and disadvantages of using the althernative design?

Adapted Abstract

Studied 245 adopted children and their biological and adoptive parents, as well as 245 matched non-adoptive parents and offspring to examine genetic versus environmental influences on cognitive development over a 20-year span. The children were tested at 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 12, and 16 years of age using standard intelligence tests. Results show that the adopted children resembled their adoptive parents slightly in early childhood but not at all in middle childhood or adolescence. In contrast, during childhood and adolescence adopted children become more like their biological parents, and to the same degree as children and parents in control families. Although these results were found for other specific cognitive abilities such as spatial ability, speed of processing, and recognition memory. These findings indicate that, within this population, genes that affect cognitive abilities in adulthood do not all come into play until adolescence and that environmental factors that contribute to cognitive development are not correlated with parents’ cognitive ability.