Match each research term with the correct definition.

1) Reliability of a measure
2) Measure
3) Sampling Frame
4) Validity of a measure
5) The strongest research design
6) Internal Validity

___The degree to which an instrument measures what it is intended to measure
___Stands in for your population
___The degree of accuracy or precision of an instrument
___The degree to which one can be confident that the IV and only the IV impacts or changes the DV
___A tool for data collection
___Experimental

7) The “A” in the A-B design usually refers to

A) the baseline condition.
B) the first of two treatment conditions.
C) the first of two study participants.
D) the pretest.

8) Suppose that a researcher employs the A-B-A design to determine the effect of monetary rewards on the behavior of a child. Which of the following would most threaten the internal validity of the study?

A) increasing the length of the baseline
B) including verbal praise for good behavior during B
C) leaving the child in a base line condition
D) increasing the length of the intervention phase

9) Which design involves a treatment, followed by a baseline, followed by a return to the treatment?

A) A-B-C-B-C
B) B-A-B
C) A-B-A-B
D) A-B

10) Which design involves a baseline followed by a treatment?

A) B-A-B
B) A-B
C) A-B
D) A-B-C-B-C

11) Which design combines two baseline periods with two treatment periods?

A) A-B-A-B
B) B-A-B
C) A-B-C-B-C
D) A-B

12) Single-subject study designs are most effective in controlling for which of the following threats?

A) location
B) history
C) maturation
D) regression

13) An advantage of single-subject designs is

A) it is a convenient design.
B) there are no threats.
C) they are easy to generalize from.
D) that they can be applied in settings where group designs are difficult to put into play.

14) Ron is a child who has a difficult time staying awake in class. His therapist has decided to try a new program with him. First, the therapist observes Ron’s behavior during his afternoon classes for a week. Next, the therapist teaches Ron some “stay awake” strategies. Ron puts these strategies into practice for a week. The therapist then observes his afternoon classes for another week to see if the program helped. Which of the following is the best illustration of this design?

A) A-B.
B) A-B-A.
C) B-A-B.
D) A-B-A-B.

15) With probability sampling techniques, each member of the population has a(n) specifiable probability of being sampled.

A) True
B) False

16) You wish to make a precise estimate about the characteristics of a population of individuals. You should use:

A) quota sampling.
B) probability sampling.
C) accidental sampling.

17) A nonprobability sample is usually acceptable when the goal of the research is to examine predictive relationships between
variables.

A) True
B) False

18) The question, “Do you think that television should have less violence and fewer shows about sex” is considered:

A) double-barreled.
B) loaded.
C) open-ended.

19) Which type of question is most likely to be used when the researcher is just starting to explore what people think about a particular topic?

A) closed-ended
B) open-ended

20) Which is most likely to yield qualitative data?

A) Mail survey
B) Focus group
C) Telephone interview

21) Responses from a sample can be generalized to the population of interest when which of the following characteristics of the sample is present?

A) efficiency
B) representativeness
C) responsivity
D) uniqueness

22) Surveys play an important role in a type of research that is intended to assess the co-variation of naturally occurring variables. Is tere a relationship between X and Y or Group A and Group B? This general type of research is called

A) experimental research.
B) correlational research.
C) analytical research.
D) qualitative research.

23) Only probability sampling strategies yield representative samples.

A) True
B) False

24) ________ occurs when every member of a population has an equal chance of being selected for a sample.

A) Stratified random sampling
B) Simple random sampling
C) Area probability sampling
D) Systematic sampling

25) The sampling frame is the:

A) technique used to recruit study participants.
B) strategy used to select study participants.
C) population that is accessible for study.
D) population of interest, as defined through available records.

.
26) Cluster sampling is often preferred to other random sampling strategies because it:

A) can be used when a sampling frame is not available.
B) allows you to easily identify subgroups in the population.
C) is more complicated than simple random sampling.
D) equally represents all groups in the population.

27) Stratified random sampling is the preferred strategy when:

A) you want to include specific subgroups in the study.
B) only a part of the population is accessible to researchers.
C) no sampling frame is available.
D) the population is very small.

28) You are interested in factors that predict loyalty to sports teams. Which of the following would be an example of a purposive sampling strategy?

A) Put a notice in the local newspapers announcing the study.
B) Ask friends for referrals of sports fanatics to your study.
C) Attend the next game of a winning professional sports team.
D) Obtain a directory of season ticket holders of a professional sports team.

29) Convenience samples are frequently used in student research because they:
A) take less time and money.
B) yield representative samples.
C) are more appropriate for statistical analysis.
D) are preferred by instructors

Match each research term with the correct definition.

1) Reliability of a measure
2) Measure
3) Sampling Frame
4) Validity of a measure
5) The strongest research design
6) Internal Validity

___The degree to which an instrument measures what it is intended to measure
___Stands in for your population
___The degree of accuracy or precision of an instrument
___The degree to which one can be confident that the IV and only the IV impacts or changes the DV
___A tool for data collection
___Experimental

7) The “A” in the A-B design usually refers to

A) the baseline condition.
B) the first of two treatment conditions.
C) the first of two study participants.
D) the pretest.

8) Suppose that a researcher employs the A-B-A design to determine the effect of monetary rewards on the behavior of a child. Which of the following would most threaten the internal validity of the study?

A) increasing the length of the baseline
B) including verbal praise for good behavior during B
C) leaving the child in a base line condition
D) increasing the length of the intervention phase

9) Which design involves a treatment, followed by a baseline, followed by a return to the treatment?

A) A-B-C-B-C
B) B-A-B
C) A-B-A-B
D) A-B

10) Which design involves a baseline followed by a treatment?

A) B-A-B
B) A-B
C) A-B
D) A-B-C-B-C

11) Which design combines two baseline periods with two treatment periods?

A) A-B-A-B
B) B-A-B
C) A-B-C-B-C
D) A-B

12) Single-subject study designs are most effective in controlling for which of the following threats?

A) location
B) history
C) maturation
D) regression

13) An advantage of single-subject designs is

A) it is a convenient design.
B) there are no threats.
C) they are easy to generalize from.
D) that they can be applied in settings where group designs are difficult to put into play.

14) Ron is a child who has a difficult time staying awake in class. His therapist has decided to try a new program with him. First, the therapist observes Ron’s behavior during his afternoon classes for a week. Next, the therapist teaches Ron some “stay awake” strategies. Ron puts these strategies into practice for a week. The therapist then observes his afternoon classes for another week to see if the program helped. Which of the following is the best illustration of this design?

A) A-B.
B) A-B-A.
C) B-A-B.
D) A-B-A-B.

15) With probability sampling techniques, each member of the population has a(n) specifiable probability of being sampled.

A) True
B) False

16) You wish to make a precise estimate about the characteristics of a population of individuals. You should use:

A) quota sampling.
B) probability sampling.
C) accidental sampling.

17) A nonprobability sample is usually acceptable when the goal of the research is to examine predictive relationships between
variables.

A) True
B) False

18) The question, “Do you think that television should have less violence and fewer shows about sex” is considered:

A) double-barreled.
B) loaded.
C) open-ended.

19) Which type of question is most likely to be used when the researcher is just starting to explore what people think about a particular topic?

A) closed-ended
B) open-ended

20) Which is most likely to yield qualitative data?

A) Mail survey
B) Focus group
C) Telephone interview

21) Responses from a sample can be generalized to the population of interest when which of the following characteristics of the sample is present?

A) efficiency
B) representativeness
C) responsivity
D) uniqueness

22) Surveys play an important role in a type of research that is intended to assess the co-variation of naturally occurring variables. Is tere a relationship between X and Y or Group A and Group B? This general type of research is called

A) experimental research.
B) correlational research.
C) analytical research.
D) qualitative research.

23) Only probability sampling strategies yield representative samples.

A) True
B) False

24) ________ occurs when every member of a population has an equal chance of being selected for a sample.

A) Stratified random sampling
B) Simple random sampling
C) Area probability sampling
D) Systematic sampling

25) The sampling frame is the:

A) technique used to recruit study participants.
B) strategy used to select study participants.
C) population that is accessible for study.
D) population of interest, as defined through available records.

.
26) Cluster sampling is often preferred to other random sampling strategies because it:

A) can be used when a sampling frame is not available.
B) allows you to easily identify subgroups in the population.
C) is more complicated than simple random sampling.
D) equally represents all groups in the population.

27) Stratified random sampling is the preferred strategy when:

A) you want to include specific subgroups in the study.
B) only a part of the population is accessible to researchers.
C) no sampling frame is available.
D) the population is very small.

28) You are interested in factors that predict loyalty to sports teams. Which of the following would be an example of a purposive sampling strategy?

A) Put a notice in the local newspapers announcing the study.
B) Ask friends for referrals of sports fanatics to your study.
C) Attend the next game of a winning professional sports team.
D) Obtain a directory of season ticket holders of a professional sports team.

29) Convenience samples are frequently used in student research because they:
A) take less time and money.
B) yield representative samples.
C) are more appropriate for statistical analysis.
D) are preferred by instructors