HSA 535 Week 11 Final Exam Part 1 – 1. Social epidemiology studies ____. 2. HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is currently a ____. 3. A disease or condition that affects a greater than expected (normal) number of individuals within a population, community, or region at the same time is referred to as an ____. 4. Identifying diseases prior to the clinical stage means that prevention efforts can begin immediately. Because the disease is already present, this is an example of ____ prevention. 5. The time between infection and clinical disease is referred to as a(n) ____. 6. James Lind (1716-1794) observed the effect of time, place, weather, and diet on the spread of disease by ____. 7. The number of new cases of disease in a specified time (usually one year) divided by the population “at-risk”� to develop the disease is known as ____. 8. A proportion measured over a period of time is known as a ____. 9. A person in the population or study group identified as having the particular disease, health disorder, or condition under investigation is known as a ____. 10. Infectious diseases are responsible for ____% of worldwide deaths in children under 15 years old and ____% of deaths in people aged 15-59 years old. 11. The probability of death due to infectious disease in sub-Saharan Africa is ____%, but only ____% in developed countries, such as the United States. 12. How many new cases of HIV infection were reported in the United States for the year 2009? 13. During 2008, the most recent year for which data are finalized, ____ food-borne disease outbreaks were reported. 14. Outbreaks are generally classified as one of two types: ____. 15. Once the population at risk has been identified, it’s finally time to develop a(n) ____ about the suspected cause of the outbreak and then test it. 16. The MMR vaccine is a live, attenuated vaccine that combines antigens for what infectious diseases? 17. Anthrax is caused by ____. 18. Which sub-group is considered at the highest risk for anthrax infection? 19. In 1970, cardiovascular research indicated that high blood pressure (hypertension) increased the risk of ____. 20. The brain consists of two major hemispheres, the right and the left, which are joined by tissue called the corpus callosum. The right hemisphere controls movements of which part of the body? 21. In 1948, the National Heart Institute and Boston University began an ambitious project to follow over time a large number of persons who had not yet developed cardiovascular disease to study the characteristics of the disease and determine the risk factors. This project is commonly known today as the ____. 22. Cancer in the ____ is the second most common cancer when considering men and women combined. 23. What is the overall case fatality rate of lung cancer in the United States (men and women combined)? 24. In what year did the National Cancer Institute and the National Human Genome Research Institute establish The Cancer Genome Atlas? 25. Metabolic syndrome is also known as ____. 26. What is the main prevention measure currently available for Type 1 diabetes? 27. Diabetes mellitus was the ____ leading cause of death in the United States in 2007. 28. Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by ____ transmitted through contaminated water or food. 29. Although access to up-to-date computer systems is essential, what is the major barrier to setting up and maintaining health data in developing countries? 30. What is the average life expectancy in the United States (as of 2008)?
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