engineering and construction

Task 1
Describe the scientific principles in respect of the following:
I. Laminar and turbulent flow
II. Uniform and non-uniform flow
III. Steady and unsteady flow
IV. Reynolds number
V. Bernouli’s Theorem
VI. Continuity equation
VII. Chezy’s and Manning’s formulae
VIII. Darcy’s formula and HRS charts
IX. Channel Conveyance
X. The Froude Number

Task 2
a) A trapezoidal channel has a bed slope of 0.001. The base width is 10 m, the
side slopes are 1:3 and the discharge is 30 m3 / sec. Manning’s n can be taken
as 0.015. Determine the normal depth of flow and Reynolds Number.
b) A symmetric trapezoidal section, 1900 mm deep and with top and bottom widths
3 m and 0.7 m respectively carries water at a rate of 3 m3/sec. Manning’s n may
be taken as 0.012. Find:
i. The normal depth at a slope of 1 in 1500
ii. The Froude number at the normal depth
c) In a compound channel, the flood channels are 8 m wide and have side slopes
of 1:2. The Manning’s n is 0.035 for the banks. The base width and top width
for the middle trapezoidal channel is 6 m and 18 m respectively. Manning’s n
can be taken as 0.015
If bed slope is 0.001, calculate the Conveyance and Discharge for a flood level
of 4m.

 

Task 3
a) Describe local head losses giving examples.
b) A pipeline conveys water from a reservoir having a top water level of 850 m
above datum, to a water treatment plant having an inlet water level of 700 m
above the datum. Calculate the net head available after water goes through the
following fittings.

Fittings number head loss co-efficient (kl)
Bends 18 0.5
Gate valves 3 0.25
Bellmouth entry 2 0.10
Bellmouth exit 2 0.5
Velocity is computed as 2.314 m/s.
c) A pipeline 5 km long, 300 mm in diameter and with roughness of 0.028,
conveys water from a reservoir (top water level 600 m above datum) to a water
treatment plant (inlet water level 450 m above datum). Assuming that the
reservoir remains full, estimate the discharge using the HRS charts.
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