Biology Human gene therapy for breast cancer Research paper

1st research article from htt://www.jci.org on March 24, 2018
– Proapoptotic Puma targets stem-like breast cancer

and the second research article from –

JCI – Identification of human triple-negative breast cancer subtypes and preclinical models for selection of targeted therapies
by:
Brian D. Lehmann, Joshua A. Bauer, Xi Chen, Melinda E. Sanders, A. Bapsi Chakravarthy, Yu Shyr, Jennifer A. Pietenpol -Identification of human triple-negative breast cancer subtypes and preclinical models for selection of targeted therapies
Bio 1900 Research Paper Topic
Information about the Requirements for this Paper
• You must write a 1500 word essay in order to fulfill the course writing requirement established by the college to demonstrate writing proficiency. The 1500 word limit does not include the title page, abstract, or your references cited list.

• Your paper will cover a human genetic disorder. There must be a genetic component to the disorder you choose to write about.

• You will include at least 5 references in a references cited list at the end of your paper.

• You will reference at least 2 original research papers or reviews as a part of your research paper sources.
Refer to the Research Paper Information folder on the portal for how to find original research papers.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Your Research Paper Topic- Assignment Details

1. Fill out the section below indicating your topic and show me that there should be sufficient resources for you to reference.
2. Find and upload 2 original research articles on your topic. I am asking your all to demonstrate that you can accomplish this so you will be able to find the right type of references for your paper early in the semester before the paper is due. You must upload at least 3 documents in order to complete this assignment. 1. This form filled out, 2. And 3. are PDFs of research articles on your topic.
• You will need to reference the files in the research paper information folder on the portal in order to complete this section.

Type your answers into the blanks as requested and upload the file or scan and upload the file.
Student Name __________________________________
Proposed Topic _________________________________
Type your proposed topic into the search box on the google scholar website (www.scholar.google.com) How many hits does your topic generate in google scholar? ________________________________
My recommendation is that you should not choose a topic that generates fewer than 50,000 hits on google scholar. If you are really interested in a topic and it generates fewer hits, consider writing a paper comparing the disorder or disease to another similar disorder. If you decide to include multiple topics, tell me about your idea and provide me the number of hits on google scholar that each topic generates.
Use the space below if you want to explain more about your proposed idea. If it is not clear to me, there is a chance I will tell you that it does not meet the above criteria.

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Research Paper Citation Requirements
•10 points of your paper are from the citation of 2 original research articles. You will upload the pdfs of these articles with your paper.
•You must use at least 5 sources for your paper
•5 points
•5 points for correct format.
•20 total points for references
Within Text Citations
•You must also reference your citations within the text of your document.
•For example-
•“Small cell carcinoma lung cancer has a less than 5% five year survival rate (Jones and Smith, 2012)”.
•Then in your references list-
•The full citation for Jones and Smith 2012 should be listed in your references list at the end of your paper.

Research Paper Assignment
•The paper must be at least 1500 words.
•Your papers should focus on covering a human genetic disorder.
•Human diseases are complicated, but in order for your topic to be approved, your topic must contain at least some genetic component.
•You can’t just cover cancer, for example.
• You may choose to write your paper on a form of cancer that we know has a genetic component, for example, breast or colon cancer.

Resources to find research paper topics

•List of human genetic disorders:
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_genetic_disorders

•List of genetic cancers and known genes:
• http://www.facingourrisk.org/understanding-brca-andhboc/information/hereditary-cancer/othergenes/basics/hereditary-cancer-by-cancer-type.php

Research Paper Assignment
•You must address the following points:
1. Describe the disease/condition.
2. You will need to understand some of the biology of the body region or organ which is(are) affected by the disease/condition.
a) If you write about breast cancer, you will need to understand the circulatory and lymphatic systems and adipose tissue, etc…
b) If you write about Wilson’s Disease, a genetic brain disorder, you will need to understand some neuroanatomy.
Research Paper Assignment
•You must address the following points:
3. What is known about the genetics of the disease? It is dominant or recessive? Autosomal or sex linked? Does it result from a mistake during meiosis? Is it variably expressed? Multifactorial?
4. What is the biochemical/cellular basis for the disease? Are there treatments?

Research Paper Assignment
•You may also include:
5. What is the history of the disease? Was it known historically? Were any important people in history afflicted with the disease?
6. How many people have this disease? Is it a big social problem?
7. Is there a genetic test to diagnose this disease? How does it work? How accurate is the test?

Grading Criteria

•The following will determine your grade for this paper. I will look for:
•Adherence to the content specifications (approx. 40%)
•Adherence to the technical specifications (approx. 20%)
•Proper use of citations and the citation of 2 original research articles (approx. 20%).
•Accuracy and understanding of material presented in the paper (approx. 20%)
Definition of a review/research paper
 A review is a comprehensive synthesis of results from a wide and complex set of studies
 A synthesis of findings rather than ideas
 Goal of a review paper is to help readers make sense of all available information
 Direct quotations rarely found in reviews. DO NOT ADD TO THE LENGTH OF YOUR PAPER BY
QUOTING DIRECTLY FROM ANY SOURCE. I WILL NOT COUNT QUOTES TOWARD YOUR TOTAL
WORD COUNT!!
Research reviews focus on primary sources
 Original scientific experimentation reported in scientific journals
 The quality of the review depends largely on the comprehensiveness of the literature search
Use of secondary sources—textbooks, books or magazine articles (Scientific American, Discover)
Outline of a review/research paper
 Title Page
 Title should be specific, informative, concise
 Abstract
 Short, concise summary of paper (200-250 words)
 No references
 Center “Abstract” a double space before paragraph
 Introduction
 Center “Introduction” above this section
 Review the topic
 Importance and significance
 Background information, conflicting views, major lines of thought
 Statement of purpose
 Document and reference sources
 Body of text (topic 1, topic 2, Topic 3)
 Present details of work done by researchers on topic
 Mention and describe important techniques, methods, results, and conclusions
 May have headings, but don’t use “Body”
 Useful headings include- history of X disease, treatment of X disease, etc…
 Develop and follow good topic sentences
 Coherent, well-blended summation of all the work you could find that is important to your
subject
 Develop a pathway of thought that leads to conclusions
 Document and reference sources
 Conclusions
 Consolidate ideas, strengthen relationships between ideas, patterns, tie up loose ends
 Significance of topic
 Make sure you conclude something
 Do not introduce new data, results
 What is next, future avenues of research
 Person/Tense
 Most scientific work is written in the third person, but is written in passive, past tense
 Avoid using pronouns
 Facts and ideas are stated about procedures and results. Comparative studies were
performed —- or —- was observed over a period of two years
Formatting your Paper
General Information
 1500 words of text- your title page, abstract, and references do not count toward your word total
 Typed, double-spaced
 12 point serif type fonts (Times, Times New Roman, Palatino, Calibri (the font used in this
document))
 Margins 1″ left, 1″ top, 1″ right, 1″ bottom
 Indent each new paragraph 0.25″
Title Page
 Center title about 1/3 down the page in 18-point font. Capitalize the first letter of each word except
for articles (a, an, the), conjunctions (and, but, for) and prepositions (in, on, to)
For Example:
The Effect of Type I Diabetes on Juvenile Patients
 Center your name 10 lines under the title in 12-point font
 Center the date of submission date a double space below your name in 12-point font
Pagination
 Number the pages consecutively, beginning with the first page of text
 Use only Arabic numbers (1, 2, 3, etc.)
 Put the page numbers centered at the bottom of each page
Headings
 Use sparingly
 Make them informative and concise (Do not use Body as a heading)
 Center headings
 Triple space before the heading and double space after the heading (triple does not mean 3 hard
returns when using double spacing- this leaves 6 lines between each chunk of text)
 Use 12-point bold font