What Is Society Naturally?
Hobbes: Society is violent chaos requiring a sovereign (Ruler)
Kant: Reason grants Sovereignty to the individual
OIKOS: [“ECO”]
→ Root of word Ecology
→ Root of word Economies
→ Root of word Home Economics
German “Oekology”
American “ Urban Ecology”
Is there a legitimate Culture Nature Split?
Greek/ Citizen HouseHold (traditional European Structure):
(Ecology as related to Human Society and Structure):
There is a house but there is a farm,livestock 300,000 ppl and 60,000 were actually citizens
(Bourgeois revolution) they encompassed the building,livestock and land.
MOTHER:
→ The Household Manager
→ The Oikos (the household) in Athens is managed by Women
Under the Mother there is the SLAVES:
→ MINOR CHILDREN: Kant is saying that under the German (prussian) state and church ppl
who even think they are citizens are in fact minor children bc ppl tell them how to believe in god,
how to think and what to eat etc
→ Kant believes women are not capable of rational thought and are incapable of anything
aesthetically profound (AKA artists or teachers) because they by nature incapable of it. They are
pleasing (pretty but not beautiful).
Aristotle assumes slavery is natural and the subjugation of women to men is also natural so the
cosmos as inherently hierarchical
IT IS NATURAL AND THEREFORE UNCHANGEABLE
Spartans versus Athenians: Spartans when men go to war the women run the household/city
→ In American South the great tradition identify as Spartans and Northerners identify as
Athenians as they are the smart ones
FATHER:
→ Voting and making intellectual/political decisions.
→ The father is in charge of his wife and is the citizen
In the traditional understanding of the OIKOS structure and European Culture is that the OIKOS
needs slaves.
KANT:
Stoics believe the problem w humanity is ppl think their problems are out of our control and we
are victims to our reactions
The Passions have to be recognized and accepted but we don’t lean into them and rationally
understand why we feel the way we do
Stoicism/Stoic:
→ World Citizenship
→ Spiritual, Cosmic Fire
→ Universe is one organism
→ Reason (Logos) Orders The Universe
→ The Logos is intrinsic to everything
Stoicism is rational control of your actions
Kant assumes reason is inherent to everyone and destiny of the social world is to be in
harmony: SYMPATHY OF THE WHOLE aka global sympathy from cultures and the pinnacle of
the enlightenment project
09/06/18
Dialectics: Socratic Hegelian Marxist:
Classic book of a german school of synthetic philosophy identified with Frankfurt include Herbert
marcuse
Mainstream America environmental thoughts borrows narratives and repeats them in german
school synthetic philosophy.
THREE DIALECTICS:
– Socratic
– Hegelian
– Marxist
Socratic Dialectic: The professor is the overload. The master is in charge
The Hegelian dialectic by Hegel thoughts : the dialectic in his version is a model of the way
history and the psyche and societies work in history. Itis very classical in the greek roman sense
because it is the total model of the cosmos both the internal of the soul and energies of the mind
and thinking works (philosophy) and the roman empire (why they rise and fall).
It is the key to understanding why there is a dialectic of enlightenment.
Hegel tries to put an action narrative into western philosophy. Everything is relationally in
motion.
We live in a society that is hierarchically arranged
The importance of the synthesis, the relationships of domination we begin with are not the ones
we end with and there is hope. He comes from a christian civilization and it is a version of
biblical redemption and salvation. He is trained to think the shape of history is determined by
superhuman forces that end up in a better place. The biblical aspect is inside the dialectic.
Hegel thinks there is a masya but it is collective not an individual. The people are the masya in
terms of social history. Hegel is an idealist.
What is the shape of modernity that has led to this impasse? Is there a sign of a synthesis or
not?
The difference between marxist and hegelian: THE MATERIALISM
Marx (materialist) criticism notion of absolute spirit and disembodiment or trans human notion.
Materialistic: this discourse of history as an absolute spirit is a ploy of the master.
Do you actually believe there is an entity called Nature that has agency and inteligence or is
Nature a collection of individual systems?
Max Weber:
– Sociology of Modernity
– Protestantism → Capitalism
– “Disenchantment”
– Iron Cage of Modernity
Weber says:
– Sociology Of Modernity
– By killing the gods (aeries or mars), by killing the spirit of war and taking away the
name, war is caused by humans. There are no supernatural explanations of god
in chrisitan sense or sprirt is hegelian sense. We loose control of those forced by
not naming them anymore.
– Protestantism→ Capitalism
– “Disenchantment”
– He thinks the bargain that Kant struck subconsciously was for new automy and
power was a benefit
– Weber thought turning people into numbers is a process that continues in the
bureaucratic state. Modern states are bureaucratic to turn you into things that can
be manipulated by the system.
– Iron Cage of Modernity
09/10/18
The Long 1960s-1955-1972
The Beat Generation: Buddhism (Zen), Turn to Asian Cultures, Diane Di Prima
The San Francisco Renaissance: Leroi Jones
Gender Relations + Rules
Racial Segregation – Military
Economic Relationship – Consumption
Encounter W/Facism
Youth Purpose – Youth Counter Culture
Mass Media
Cold War
The Bomb
The US as World Cop
Secularism
Snyder: There is no difference between culture and nature
09/12/18
Hermit
Vagabond
Shaman
Relationship between meditation and poetry (Pg 14-15)
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