Planning, Formatting, Writing and Revising Papers
Please, do not write “from scratch!” You may be able to make your favorite cake recipe from
scratch because you have made it so many times, but when it comes to writing, you need at least
a mini-outline, so that you can see what the structure of your essay will be BEFORE you write it.
Take a look at this file that shows you a mini-outline and the essay that is developed from it:
https://bbhosted.cuny.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-29223657-dt-content-rid127927048_1/courses/LEH01_LEH_352_Ansaldi_1172/LEH01_LEH_352_A09W_1172_1_ImportedC
ontent_20161225094026/LEH01_LEH_352_IA2W_1172_WIN_ImportedContent_20161223022917/
LEH01_LEH_352_A07W_1169_1_ImportedContent_20160802082611/The%20Hazards%20of%20M
ovie-Going_outline%20and%20essay%281%29%281%29.pdf
After you have planned your essay, go ahead and write it, having a reader in mind as you
write. Remember, you job as a writer is make sure that your reader knows EXACTLY what you
mean, word for word, sentence by sentence, paragraph by paragraph. Notice in “The Hazards of
Movie-Going” essay, that transitional expressions link sentences and paragraphs.
ESSAY FORMAT:
The way your writing is presented is just as important as the way it is written. For your writing
assignments:
• Write a heading at the top of the page with your name, the date, the course and section
number, and the name and number of the particular assignment.
• Double space your paper. This is especially important for Turnitin assignments, as I need
space to put captions and text into.
• Indent each paragraph, unless you are writing a business paper, in which case, the text goes
against the left margin, without paragraph breaks.
• Use one-inch margins.
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• Use Times New Roman, font size 12, or another professional font.
• Number each new page, starting at p. 2 on the second page of text, at the top of the page in
the right-hand corner. In Microsoft Word, do the following:
If you are numbering pages for a research paper written in the MLA (Modern
Language Association) style of formatting, see this link:
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/13/.
If you are numbering pages for a research paper written in the APA (American
Psychological Association) style of formatting, see this link:
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/18/.
• Proofread your essay, or other type of paper, out loud so you can hear what you have
written. You will pick up mistakes by reading aloud. Run your cursor or finger under every
word on your monitor as you read aloud—by doing this, you will see if you have left words
out.
• Check your grammar, spelling, and punctuation. This course has a “Grammar/Punctuation”
course button that has the most common errors writers make. There are user-friendly
Youtube lessons, links to helpful grammar websites, and printed lessons.
1. Select LAYOUT tab.
2. At the bottom of the same tab, select PAGE SETUP.
3. Inside PAGE SETUP, select LAYOUT, and then CHECK “DIFFERENT FIRST PAGE.”
4. Go to the second page of your own text and click into this page on the top of it.
5. At the top of the Microsoft Word tabs, select “INSERT,” and on the upper right, select “Page Number,” which is below
the “Header…Footer” section.
6. Drop down the menu of “Page Number, and select the 3rd one down that has the page number in the top right
corner.
7. You should see a number 2 on the second page of your text, and you should not see any page on your first page of
text. If you have a cover page, for Step 4, go to the 3rd page of your text and click into it.
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• Write in standard American English, not in colloquial English, the language of everyday
conversational speech, unless there is a creative reason for doing so. For example, you
might be writing the dialogue of someone who speaks in a dialect or conversational speech.
• Name your files that you will attach in Turnitin like this:
Last Name, First Name WA 1 or WA 2 Topic Letter (WA 3 or WA 4,
Topic Letter, etc.)
I need to file your papers on my hard drive in alphabetical order by last name, which is why
I want you to put your last name first. Save your files with .doc, .docx, .rtf extensions, not
with .pages or .pdf extensions.
____________________________________________________________________________
PROOFREADING:
Text-messaging has taken a toll on people’s writing! When I read essays, I see sentences that
have no boundaries. They are octopus sentences, run together as if someone is speaking quickly
and has no time for periods at the ends of sentences. I see TOO MANY run-ons (RO), comma splices
(CS) and fragments (frag). So, fix these sentence-control problems posting or submitting Written
Assignments.
I have posted Youtube lesson links on comma splices and run-ons in the GRAMMAR &
PUNCTUATION course button. I have also posted lessons about most areas of grammar and
punctuation. You are responsible for referring to these lessons if I have pointed out in your papers
that you have specific errors. I grade papers on the CONTENT: the quality of your ideas and how
you focus, organize, and develop them… and the FORM: grammar, spelling, punctuation, word
choice, and usage (the customary manner in which a language or a form of a language is spoken or
written).
People are also arbitrarily using capital and lower case letters, as
they do when they text. There are specific rules for using capital letters,
so please use them. Also, please do not use texting slang and lack of
punctuation in formal writing: “thru” for “through,” “im” for I’m,” “wanna”
for “want to,” and other forms of shorthand.
Also, avoid using the indefinite pronoun “you” when you write
because it is informal and often leads people to write conversationally, the
way they speak in everyday conversations. Don’t say: When you go to the
doctor, you expect the doctor to listen to you. Instead, say, When people
go to the doctor, they expect the doctor to listen to them. And, it’s best to
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stay with the plural: people/they/them….doctors/they/them…..instead of going from singular—a
patient/he or she/him or her—to patients/they/them.
Also, inserting necessary commas and other forms of punctuation are vital to the reader’s
understanding of your papers. REMEMBER THIS: It is YOUR job as a writer to make life easy for
your reader! The reader is not supposed to go back and read and re-read your sentences to figure
out what you are trying to say. You must READ ALOUD when you proofread so that you can hear
the errors. It is also a good idea to slowly run your finger, or your cursor, under each word on the
monitor so you can see if you have left out words or made other mistakes
This is a pre-professional writing course: You are expected to write at a college-level of
proficiency. I understand that some of you may have not learned enough grammar, punctuation
and specific writing strategies. In Writing Intensive Courses, which this one is, you are expected to
put in the time to learn to be proficient in areas of writing that you may be weak in. This is why I
point out the pattern of errors I see in your first two papers, and then it is up to you to learn these
skills with the help of lessons posted, with Youtube videos, and maybe with some help from the
ACE, Lehman’s Tutoring Center. You may always e-mail me with questions.
Also, I spend quite a bit of focused, careful time giving you feedback on your papers to guide
you, so make sure when you receive a paper back from me, you upload it and spend as much time
as I did revising it.
Where do you find your WRITING ASSIGNMENTS? At the course button called “More
Tools,” and select “My Grades”: (CTRL/click on the link)
http://ondemand.blackboard.com/r91/movies/bb91_student_checking_grades.htm.
At this link, you will see that I have read your paper and attached it back to you, and you can
upload it with my feedback. If you need to revise the paper, I will write the word “REVISE” in the
title of the files I send back to you.
On your first Written Assignment (WA 1 or WA 2), I will give you a substantial amount of
feedback. Usually the first Written Assignment shows most of students’ strengths and weaknesses
in writing. I give a full critique of the CONTENT and FORM of the paper. The CONTENT includes
the originality of the ideas, how they are focused, organized, and developed. The FORM of the
paper includes the grammar, punctuation, spelling, word choice, and usage.
My turn-around time for reading and scoring Discussion Board posts and Written
Assignments is usually a week, but often I finish reading and scoring before this time.
Occasionally, I run a few days over a week, depending on how many assignments and revisions I
have to read.
________________________________________________________________________
REVISIONS:
In this class, I may ask you to revise your work because this is what writers do—they
learn their craft by revising. How will you know how or what to revise? You will go to
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the “Course Information” course button, and look at the 5th item down called “HOW TO VIEW
YOUR INSTRUCTOR’S FEEDBACK IN TURNITIN.” This short video tells you EXACTLY how to
find your written assignment with written and spoken feedback in a tool installed in
Blackboard called Turnitin.
Do not be alarmed if you see a grade of “0” at your “More Tools/My Grades” area of
the course. This grade only means that you must revise your paper. When you revise your
paper, the grade will change. Look at your course “Calendar—Due Dates” to see when the
revision is due. For the first WA, you will see a Turnitin WA 1 or WA 2 Revision Link at the
bottom of Module 2. For WAs written after the first one, I will let you know if you may revise
your paper, and I will give you a due date for you to e-mail your revised paper me. I do not
offer revisions to students if I see the same types of errors that I have given feedback on.
-The grades in this rubric correspond to the grades given for the course.
-Since there are 10 criteria for evaluating an essay, it is possible to earn 1000 points, which then must be divided by 1000, and multiplied by 100: 1000 divided by 1000 = 1, multiplied by 100 + 100% or A. This is the highest grade possible one can earn.
If, for example, you earn 89 in each of the 10 categories, you have earned 890 points, which you divide by 1000, and the result is 0.89. You multiply 0.89 by 100, and your grade is 89% or a B+.
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