Question<\/p>\n
1 . __________ emphasizes one course of development. Correct Answer<\/p>\n
Behaviorism<\/p>\n
Information processing emphasizes one course. Changes studied characterize most or all children.<\/p>\n
Dynamic systems perspectives emphasizes many possible courses. Biological makeup, everyday tasks, and social experiences vary, yielding wide individual differences in specific skills.<\/p>\n
Vygotsky\u2019s sociocultural theory<\/p>\n
2 . __________ emphasizes that children actively construct knowledge as they manipulate and explore their world. Correct Answer<\/p>\n
Psychosocial theory<\/p>\n
Psychosexual theory<\/p>\n
Cognitive developmental theory<\/p>\n
Social learning theory<\/p>\n
3 . __________ refers to a time that is optimal for certain capacities to emerge and in which the individual is especially responsive to environmental influences. Correct Answer<\/p>\n
Stage<\/p>\n
Imprinting<\/p>\n
Chronosystem<\/p>\n
A sensitive period<\/p>\n
4 . __________ refers to procedures that combine conditioning and modeling to eliminate undesirable behaviors and increase desirable responses. Correct Answer<\/p>\n
Imitation<\/p>\n
Operant conditioning<\/p>\n
Behavior modification<\/p>\n
Observational learning<\/p>\n
5 . __________ views the mind as a complex, symbol-manipulating system. Correct Answer<\/p>\n
Information processing<\/p>\n
Dynamic systems<\/p>\n
Ecological systems<\/p>\n
Psychoanalytic<\/p>\n
6 . According to __________, the child\u2019s mind, body, and physical and social worlds form an integrated system that guides mastery of new skills.Correct Answer<\/p>\n
dynamic systems perspective<\/p>\n
information processing theory<\/p>\n
psychoanalytic theory<\/p>\n
ecological systems theory<\/p>\n
7 . According to Piaget\u2019s cognitive developmental theory, thought becomes symbolic in the Correct Answer<\/p>\n
preoperational stage.<\/p>\n
concrete operational stage.<\/p>\n
formal operational stage.<\/p>\n
sensorimotor stage.<\/p>\n
8 . An approach that emphasizes the role of modeling, or observational learning, in the development of behavior is known as Correct Answer<\/p>\n
operant conditioning.<\/p>\n
classical conditioning.<\/p>\n
social learning theory.<\/p>\n
drive reduction theory.<\/p>\n
9 . Child development theorists who emphasize the impact of __________ on individual development typically stress the importance of __________. Correct Answer<\/p>\n
early experiences; environment<\/p>\n
heredity; change<\/p>\n
context; one course of development<\/p>\n
stages; continuous change<\/p>\n
10 . In a historic experiment with Little Albert, __________ demonstrated that classical conditioning could be applied to children\u2019s behavior.Correct Answer<\/p>\n
Bandura<\/p>\n
Skinner<\/p>\n
Watson<\/p>\n
Pavlov<\/p>\n
11 . In ecological systems theory, the __________ consists of cultural values, laws, customs, and resources. Correct Answer<\/p>\n
macrosystem<\/p>\n
microsystem<\/p>\n
mesosystem<\/p>\n
exosystem<\/p>\n
12 . In Freud\u2019s psychosexual theory, Correct Answer<\/p>\n
the superego works to reconcile id impulses and ego demands.<\/p>\n
children develop a sexual desire for the other-sex parent during the genital stage.<\/p>\n
id impulses transfer to the genitals during the latency stage.<\/p>\n
extreme orderliness and cleanliness in adulthood is often the result of conflicts about anal control during toddlerhood.<\/p>\n
13 . Information processing and Piaget\u2019s cognitive developmental theory differ MOST on which of the following issues? Correct Answer<\/p>\n
one course of development versus many courses<\/p>\n
stability versus change<\/p>\n
nature versus nurture<\/p>\n
continuous development versus discontinuous development<\/p>\n
14 . Seventeenth-century philosopher John Locke Correct Answer<\/p>\n
regarded children as miniature already-formed adults.<\/p>\n
believed that children were naturally endowed with a sense of right and wrong.<\/p>\n
recommended restrictive parenting practices as the most efficient means for taming children.<\/p>\n
viewed children as a tabula rasa or \u201cblank slate.\u201d<\/p>\n
15 . One problem with government-funded child and family programs in the United States is that Correct Answer<\/p>\n
there are no special interest groups who act as advocates for children\u2019s causes.<\/p>\n
no federal dollars have been allocated to child care.<\/p>\n
most are aimed at handling problems after they have occurred rather than preventing problems before they occur.<\/p>\n
no new policy initiatives have been developed to improve that status of children.<\/p>\n
16 . The field of child development Correct Answer<\/p>\n
focuses on all aspects of development from birth until adolescence.<\/p>\n
focuses mainly on research topics that are only of scientific interest.<\/p>\n
is interdisciplinary.<\/p>\n
deals mainly with child-rearing practices.<\/p>\n
17 . The most rapid period of development is Correct Answer<\/p>\n
adolescence.<\/p>\n
middle childhood.<\/p>\n
infancy and toddlerhood.<\/p>\n
the prenatal period.<\/p>\n
18 . The normative approach to child study was developed by Correct Answer<\/p>\n
Darwin.<\/p>\n
Hall and Gesell.<\/p>\n
Baldwin.<\/p>\n
Binet and Simon.<\/p>\n
19 . The poor rankings of American children on many childhood social indicators is particularly disturbing because Correct Answer<\/p>\n
the United States is a collectivist society.<\/p>\n
child development researchers in the United States lack involvement in policy development.<\/p>\n
the United States is among the wealthiest nations and has the broadest knowledge base for intervening effectively in children\u2019s lives.<\/p>\n
the United States provides all families with universal health care and free or inexpensive child care.<\/p>\n
20 . Unlike Piaget, Vygotsky Correct Answer<\/p>\n
emphasized the role of bidirectional influences in development.<\/p>\n
viewed cognitive development as a socially mediated process.<\/p>\n
emphasized discontinuous change.<\/p>\n
focused on development throughout the lifespan.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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