{"id":23346,"date":"2018-02-20T23:50:30","date_gmt":"2018-02-20T23:50:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/writemyessayfree.com\/music-journalno-outside-resources-2"},"modified":"2017-08-03T16:10:39","modified_gmt":"2017-08-03T16:10:39","slug":"music-journalno-outside-resources-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.benedictsol.com\/blogs\/music-journalno-outside-resources-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Music JournalNo outside resources"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"the_content_wrapper\">\n<p> Music JournalNo outside resources<\/p>\n<p>Listen to a half-hour of music on the LIVE radio. (No Pandora\/Spotify for this assignment, please! However, online streaming radio is permitted.) You will be <\/p>\n<p>writing about what you hear during this time-frame, and you are more than welcome to divide up your listening session into more than one chunk, such as 15 minutes one <\/p>\n<p>day and 15 minutes on another day. Make sure you\u2019re listening to 30 minutes worth of music, not including commercial breaks.<br \/> For this first entry, listen to a station of your choice. Any genre or style of music is OK!<br \/> In your journal, first list:<br \/> the radio station name<br \/> the radio station\u2019s website (where I can find\/verify playlist information)<br \/> Then, write your journal in the following format. List the name\/artist of each song you heard, along with the EXACT time you heard this. Write a paragraph describing <\/p>\n<p>what you heard in the song (in prose, NOT in incomplete sentences or in a list). Focus on specific, concrete, and objective musical characteristics, centering on:<br \/> pitch<br \/> melody<br \/> phrases<br \/> cadences<br \/> texture<br \/> harmony<\/p>\n<p>Do NOT write about the emotional response to the music. It\u2019s great if you love a song, but I\u2019m looking for your observations on how the music is constructed, rather <\/p>\n<p>than a \u201creview\u201d of what you like or dislike. Please do not resort to using metaphoric descriptions (i.e. \u201cthis song sounded like a beautiful sunset or a Disney <\/p>\n<p>movie\u201d).<\/p>\n<p>In a concluding paragraph, compare\/contrast one of the songs you heard to something from assigned listening from weeks <\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1200\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/AKpexxzR4Ak?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>DO NOT use outside research for this assignment. This is a listening exercise about using your ears!<\/p>\n<p>I did upload the lecture materials as well.<\/p>\n<p>Source: https:\/\/www.homeworkminutes.com\/question\/view\/479978\/Assignment-5-Leadership-and-Leadership-Development<br \/> \u00a9 HomeworkMinutes.com<\/p>\n<p>Week 2 lecture material, part 2 the late Middle Ages and Renaissance The Middle Ages and the development of polyphony Polyphony first developed as early as the 9th <\/p>\n<p>century. Maybe plainchant (a monophonic genre) started getting boring\u2026who knows! The first types of polyphonic music were not necessarily that exciting by today\u2019s <\/p>\n<p>standards, and the earliest polyphony was sacred, not secular. A line of plainchant would be sung, and underneath that, another single note would be drawn out. By the <\/p>\n<p>12th century, sacred polyphony began to be written with much more frequency, and would have been performed on high feast days, such as Christmas, Easter, or Pentecost. <\/p>\n<p> At the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, two composers emerged: Leonin and Perotin. By this time, polyphony had become much more intricate; now we would hear different <\/p>\n<p>independent melodies being sung at the same time! Polyphonic music for the church became a new genre of music: organum. Listen to an example by the 12th century <\/p>\n<p>composer Leonin in your listening examples folder titled \u201cViderunt Omnes.\u201d There are two melodies present during much of the piece \u2013 a faster one on top, and a slower <\/p>\n<p>one (originally based on a plainchant melody) on the bottom. Not terribly exciting, is it? Church music and the genre of organum evolved a great deal throughout the <\/p>\n<p>13th and 14th centuries. More composers began to write polyphonic music for church services, eventually setting the texts of the mass (the central ritual of the <\/p>\n<p>Catholic Church service) to music. Guillaume de Machaut (1300-1377) is remembered today for being the first composer to write a polyphonic setting of the complete <\/p>\n<p>mass; listen to the example of the Agnus Dei movement in the listening examples folder for this week. Does it sound strange to you? Why? Are the harmonies dissonant <\/p>\n<p>or consonant? Does the harmony sound like something you would hear today? Probably not. The Renaissance<br \/> The word \u201cRenaissance\u201d literally means rebirth, and during this period in European history, usually listed as running from about 1400-1600, culture went through a <\/p>\n<p>period of revitalization. The arts and music, influenced by the Classical models of ancient Greece and Rome, began to flourish outside of the church, and the general <\/p>\n<p>philosophy of the time was very different than that of the Middle Ages. During the Middle Ages, we observed how the Catholic Church held a great deal of political and <\/p>\n<p>social power. People were very influenced by the church, in focusing on the divine rather than the earthly in their personal lives. During the Renaissance, the <\/p>\n<p>philosophy of humanism \u2013 meaning that humans are ultimately in control of their own personal destinies and choices \u2013 became prevalent in society. The humanist <\/p>\n<p>philosophy manifested itself in the arts and music in a number of ways; no longer was music limited to sacred topics, and composers began to notate music for many new <\/p>\n<p>types of settings. New genres were invented and developed, and more people began to perform music outside of the church, even as amateurs in the home. There were a <\/p>\n<p>number of major developments that helped to strengthen the humanist movement in Europe. One was the invention of the printing press and moveable type. During the <\/p>\n<p>Middle Ages, books and musical manuscripts were copied by hand, often by scribe-clerics in the church. Once the printing press was invented, books and music could be <\/p>\n<p>mass-produced and distributed to everyone. Education was then no longer limited to churches, but could take place<br \/> in secular society as well. This led to more education for the general public; while there was still a large number of illiterate people in the Renaissance, more and <\/p>\n<p>more people began to learn to read and write (both words and music). People may also have been led to a more humanist view of life because of the inner turmoil of <\/p>\n<p>the church. Beginning in the early 16th century, a number of religious sects broke off from the main Catholic Church. These sects demanded reform on a number of <\/p>\n<p>levels, from political to theological reasons. Three of these break-off movements were Lutheranism, Anglicanism, and Calvinism, and this trend was termed the <\/p>\n<p>Reformation. Another major development in European culture was the \u201cdiscovery\u201d and conquest of the New World in North America. Remember that Columbus\u2019 first voyage <\/p>\n<p>took place during the Renaissance, in 1492! The fact that traveling long distances had become possible opened up new careers and trade opportunities for Europeans, <\/p>\n<p>often at the expense of native cultures. A new merchant class developed in Europe, unconnected with the nobility, and here we see the beginnings of a \u201cmiddle class\u201d <\/p>\n<p>society. This new \u201cmiddle class\u201d had more money, some access to education, and more leisure time to pursue the arts. Sacred Music in the Renaissance Sacred music <\/p>\n<p>(music of the church) in the Renaissance took a decidedly more conservative turn in comparison to composers such as Machaut from the late Middle Ages. Rhythms became <\/p>\n<p>simpler, dissonances were less frequent, and specific \u201crules\u201d began to be applied in composition. Most of the sacred music of the Renaissance continued to have a <\/p>\n<p>polyphonic texture, and imitation became a common unifying characteristic. Imitation refers to polyphonic music where one melodic line begins, and then is followed by <\/p>\n<p>another independent melodic line that begins in a very similar (if not identical) manner. Two common genres of sacred music during the Renaissance were the motet and <\/p>\n<p>the mass. The motet used sacred words, often from the Bible. The mass had five movements (or five independent sections): the Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus <\/p>\n<p>Dei. The texts for the mass never changed, no matter whom composed the music. Both the motet and the mass used Latin texts and were predominantly polyphonic. Both <\/p>\n<p>used imitation as well, and were sung a cappella. Music from the Catholic Church before the Reformation and following the Reformation was very different. Prior to the <\/p>\n<p>Reformation, secular songs would have been used as a basis for the imitation; you might hear something similar to a popular secular song as the opening of a melodic <\/p>\n<p>line, sung to the words of \u201cKyrie\u201d or \u201cGloria.\u201d Furthermore, most music prior to the Reformation had very complicated polyphony, or many very independent melodies. <\/p>\n<p>Often, this sophisticated texture would obscure the words being sung. Some of Martin Luther\u2019s gripes with the Catholic Church included the influence of secular music <\/p>\n<p>on liturgical music, as well as the fact that text could not be understood! The Catholic Church responded to the Protestant Reformation spearheaded by Luther with new <\/p>\n<p>rules designed at the Council of Trent during the \u201cCounter-Reformation.\u201d No longer could secular influences be present in sacred masses or motets, the words had to be <\/p>\n<p>understood, and strict rules were developed governing the use of consonance and dissonance. Imitation was still used, but often imitation was based on plainchant <\/p>\n<p>rather than secular songs. An example of pre Counter-Reformation sacred music is the motet by Josquin des Prez, Ave Maria, found in your listening examples folder. <\/p>\n<p>Listen for the alternation of polyphonic texture with some instances of homophony, and see if you can identify imitative entrances of independent melodic lines.<br \/> Secular Music in the Renaissance Because of the influence of humanism, the spread of education, and the invention of the printing press, secular music began to flower <\/p>\n<p>during the Renaissance. We will look at two types of secular music, vocal and instrumental. One important aspect of the Renaissance was that it was the beginning of <\/p>\n<p>careers for professional musicians. People could make a living teaching and performing music, usually at the courts of the wealthy or the nobility. While this career <\/p>\n<p>was lucrative, it did not place musicians well into society; professional musicians were often thought of as \u201clow class\u201d servants and female professional musicians <\/p>\n<p>were very rare. Women who became musicians were often equated with prostitutes! It was not until the 19th century that being a professional musician lost this type <\/p>\n<p>of stigma. Vocal Music The madrigal was the genre of choice for most Renaissance vocal music. Madrigals were secular, polyphonic, a cappella pieces of music that <\/p>\n<p>would have been likely performed in courts as entertainment. Madrigals from different countries had different qualities. In Italy, madrigals were based often on <\/p>\n<p>lofty, intellectual poetry that contained many sophisticated metaphors. In England, madrigals were not as sophisticated and often contained refrains that used <\/p>\n<p>nonsense syllables, such as \u201cfa la la.\u201d English madrigals often were not as highly polyphonic as Italian madrigals. Both types of madrigals, however, had many <\/p>\n<p>characteristics in common. They all tended to alternate between homophony and polyphony, usually had texts about love in the vernacular language, and used word <\/p>\n<p>painting (or illustrating the text through the sound of the music) frequently. There is an example of an English madrigal in the listening examples folder, Fair <\/p>\n<p>Phyllis by John Farmer. Listen for imitation within the polyphonic texture, and see if you can identify any instances of word painting! One hint \u2013 what happens with <\/p>\n<p>the words \u201cup and down?\u201d Instrumental music Much more instrumental music is preserved from the Renaissance in comparison to the Middle Ages. This is undoubtedly due <\/p>\n<p>to the changes in culture we have examined earlier. Dance music became an increasingly popular genre of instrumental music during the Renaissance. Because of the <\/p>\n<p>printing press, instrumental music was finally being notated and circulated, unlike during the Middle Ages! Listen to the examples of the dances from Terpsichore by <\/p>\n<p>Michael Praetorius in the listening examples folder. These are excellent examples of Renaissance dance music. These dances would have been danced to at courts; court <\/p>\n<p>dances were very popular and often involved intricate steps. Do these dances sound a little more \u201caccessible\u201d to your ears? If so, it\u2019s likely because they use a <\/p>\n<p>homophonic texture, rather than a polyphonic texture. Dance music tended to be in homophonic texture, relying on a simple melody and driving rhythm (which we will <\/p>\n<p>discuss next week) in order to provide interest! <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Music JournalNo outside resources Listen to a half-hour of music on the LIVE radio. (No Pandora\/Spotify for this assignment, please! However, online streaming radio is permitted.) You will be writing about what you hear during this time-frame, and you are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.benedictsol.com\/blogs\/music-journalno-outside-resources-2\/\" class=\"read-more\">Read More &#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23346","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benedictsol.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23346","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benedictsol.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benedictsol.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benedictsol.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benedictsol.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23346"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.benedictsol.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23346\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benedictsol.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23346"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benedictsol.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23346"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benedictsol.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23346"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}