Set 1<\/p>\n
Question 1. <\/p>\n
When faced with the complaint that utilitarianism is a doctrine worthy of pigs, Mill responds that pleasures differ in:<\/p>\n
purity<\/p>\n
quality <\/p>\n
species<\/p>\n
weight.<\/p>\n
Question 2. <\/p>\n
What does Peter Singer say about the history of liberation movements?<\/p>\n
They tend to become narrower in scope \u2026 zeroing in on the exact class that deserves moral consideration.<\/p>\n
They tend to become wider in scope \u2026 with people learning to apply moral principles to groups previously not considered.<\/p>\n
They tend to become more discriminatory \u2026 giving fewer and fewer rights to the less privileged.<\/p>\n
They tend to discover that the original concepts in the past were superior and it is a mistake to veer from traditional wisdom.<\/p>\n
Question 3. <\/p>\n
Which of the following does not describe how egg-laying hens are treated in factory farms?<\/p>\n
They are allowed to scratch through dirt and grass looking for seeds and bugs in the fresh open air.<\/p>\n
They are kept in such tight confinement that they cannot lift their wings<\/p>\n
They are starved into a period of \u2018forced molting\u2019<\/p>\n
They have their beaks painfully seared off<\/p>\n
Question 4. <\/p>\n
What moral theory does Jeremy Bentham (with whom Singer seems to agree) endorse?<\/p>\n
Moral relativism<\/p>\n
Anarchism<\/p>\n
Utilitarianism<\/p>\n
Social Contract Theory<\/p>\n
Question 5. <\/p>\n
Which of the following statements is the strongest evidence that the person saying it is a utilitarian?<\/p>\n
Ginny: \u201cViolations of rights are very serious, from the moral point of view.\u201d<\/p>\n
Helen: \u201cI agree. It is always immoral to violate someone’s rights.\u201d<\/p>\n
Ginny: \u201cWell, I wouldn\u2019t say \u2018always\u2019. It\u2019s o.k. to violate rights whenever the good you can produce by doing so outweighs the harm you do by violating the person\u2019s rights.\u201d<\/p>\n
Kate: \u201cI disagree with both of you. The notion of rights is just a mechanism for the lesser members of society to maintain control over those capable of greatness.\u201d<\/p>\n
Question 6. <\/p>\n
According to Tom Regan, which of the following should compel us to accept the equal rights of animals?<\/p>\n
Sentiment \u2013 our feelings for the welfare of animals<\/p>\n
Law \u2013 legal regulations requiring us to respect the rights of animals<\/p>\n
Reason \u2013 this theory has the best reasons on its side<\/p>\n
Religion \u2013 the laws of God mandate human compassion<\/p>\n
Question 7. <\/p>\n
The philosopher John Stuart Mill recognized the following as a potential problem for utilitarianism<\/p>\n
It holds people to standards that are too high.<\/p>\n
It may lead to increased liberty and justice.<\/p>\n
It may result in a tyranny of the majority<\/p>\n
It may lead people to think independently of religious authority.<\/p>\n
Question 8. <\/p>\n
According to John Stuart Mill, utilitarianism takes into account the happiness of:<\/p>\n
only the agent.<\/p>\n
only the agent and those the agent cares about.<\/p>\n
everyone, but weights the happiness of the agent more heavily.<\/p>\n
everyone, and weights everyone\u2019s happiness equally.<\/p>\n
Question 9. <\/p>\n
Which of the following does Peter Singer assert about the principle of equality?<\/p>\n
People should have equal rights because they are factually equal.<\/p>\n
People with higher abilities, it stands to reason, should have greater rights.<\/p>\n
Different groups of humans should have equal rights if scientific investigation proves that there are no genetic differences in their abilities.<\/p>\n
It is a prescription that we should treat people equally regardless of their differing abilities.<\/p>\n
Question 10. <\/p>\n
According to Mill, utilitarian morality holds that:<\/p>\n
If each individual strives to maximize their own happiness, the happiness of all will follow.<\/p>\n
Each individual is required to sacrifice their own individual happiness for the happiness of all.<\/p>\n
With the right social arrangements and education, individuals can come to associate their own individual happiness with the happiness of all.<\/p>\n
Neither the happiness of the individual nor the happiness of all is worth pursuing, since neither is attainable in this life.<\/p>\n
Question 11. <\/p>\n
What does Singer say about other philosophers\u2019 attempts to argue that only humans have moral worth?<\/p>\n
That they give a good way to determine who has rights in a way that includes all humans and no animals<\/p>\n
That they all say that animals should have rights too<\/p>\n
That they come up with unjustified methods to include all humans while excluding all animals from moral consideration<\/p>\n
That animals do not have rights because they are not as smart as humans are<\/p>\n
Question 12. <\/p>\n
Which of the following makes it difficult to calculate the utility of an act<\/p>\n
the time frame of the consequences<\/p>\n
disagreements about the meaning of pleasure or happiness<\/p>\n
determining what constitutes the greatest good<\/p>\n
all of the above<\/p>\n
Question 13. <\/p>\n
Which of the following does Tom Regan say about the utilitarian approach to animal ethics?<\/p>\n
It is inadequate because it does not give value to individuals but only to their feelings<\/p>\n
It is perfect because it does not allow for discrimination based upon morally irrelevant attributes like race or species<\/p>\n
It is wrong because it treats human suffering as more important than animal suffering<\/p>\n
It ignores everything that does not have enough \u2018utility\u2019 and therefore does not take into account important things that it does not consider \u2018useful\u2019<\/p>\n
Question 14. <\/p>\n
According to Jeremy Bentham (as described by Singer) what should determine whether a being\u2019s interests should be taken into account?<\/p>\n
Whether they have the faculty of discourse<\/p>\n
Whether they can reason<\/p>\n
Whether they can suffer<\/p>\n
Whether they are capable of love<\/p>\n
Question 15. <\/p>\n
What is Peter Singer\u2019s point about performing vivisection on mentally disabled human infants?<\/p>\n
That if we say that it would be wrong to perform experiments on such humans but not on non-humans then we are showing bias based upon species alone<\/p>\n
That a good speciesist would not perform experiments on any being<\/p>\n
That we should test upon mentally disabled human infants because the results would be more reliable than tests on animals<\/p>\n
That anyone who would consider testing on a human infant is a monster<\/p>\n
Question 16. <\/p>\n
Tom Regan\u2019s view of animals is that<\/p>\n
They are important but not quite as important as human beings<\/p>\n
They have rights, which means that they should never be used for human purposes<\/p>\n
They may be ethically used because they were bred and raised for that purpose<\/p>\n
That they may be eaten because do not have souls like we do and are lower on the food chain<\/p>\n
Question 17. <\/p>\n
How do we determine the difference between higher and lower pleasures, according to Mill?<\/p>\n
The relative duration and intensity.<\/p>\n
The preference of those who are acquainted with both.<\/p>\n
The amount of happiness they produce on average.<\/p>\n
We can\u2019t, since there is no difference between pleasures.<\/p>\n
Question 18. <\/p>\n
What does Singer say about finding the basis for moral duties in the \u201cintrinsic dignity\u201d of humanity?<\/p>\n
That God ordained humanity to be the top of the \u201cgreat chain of being\u201d<\/p>\n
That mankind is the most important species because it is the most intelligent<\/p>\n
That dolphins have actually been shown to be more intelligent than humans in many respects<\/p>\n
That such fine phrases are a last resort for philosophers who cannot find a distinction that gives humans worth while denying it to all other species<\/p>\n
Question 19. <\/p>\n
What is Tom Regan\u2019s position about the use of animals in research and agriculture?<\/p>\n
Animals should be used whenever it can be proven that the human benefits outweigh the harms caused to the animals<\/p>\n
Animals should never be used for medical research or commercial agriculture<\/p>\n
Animals should only be used for medical research shown to be beneficial to humanity, never for agriculture<\/p>\n
Animals should be used in both medical research and agriculture but should be treated as humanely as possible<\/p>\n
Question 20. <\/p>\n
What is Tom Regan\u2019s main criticism of the contractarian approach to ethical duties?<\/p>\n
It works fine for humans without problems, but it has not yet been applied to animals<\/p>\n
It ignores the importance of pain and suffering when it comes to ethics<\/p>\n
It would allow all kinds of human injustice if a stronger group is able to oppress the members of a weaker group of people<\/p>\n
He does not criticize it; he things that contractarianism, if properly understood, represents the most rational approach to ethical problems<\/p>\n
Set 2<\/p>\n
Question 1. <\/p>\n
The philosopher John Stuart Mill recognized the following as a potential problem for utilitarianism<\/p>\n
It holds people to standards that are too high.<\/p>\n
It may lead to increased liberty and justice.<\/p>\n
It may result in a tyranny of the majority<\/p>\n
It may lead people to think independently of religious authority. <\/p>\n
Question 2. <\/p>\n
What, according to Tom Regan, is the contractarian approach to ethics?<\/p>\n
The view that individuals have rights because of a set of rules that they agree to follow, as with agreeing to the terms of a contract<\/p>\n
The view that all animals have rights because of the agreements that we have made (or should make) with them<\/p>\n
The view that what is morally relevant is the pain and suffering that an animal endures when we mistreat it<\/p>\n
The view that all humans have equal rights independent of particular abilities<\/p>\n
Question 3. <\/p>\n
According to the video \u201cMeet Your Meat\u201d, which of the following is not true of how animals are slaughtered on factory farms<\/p>\n
They are driven in extreme weather conditions without food or water<\/p>\n
They are often still conscious while being slaughtered<\/p>\n
They are often roughly handled and severely injured by the time they make it to slaughter<\/p>\n
They are ensured every means of avoiding fear and stress during the slaughtering process.<\/p>\n
Question 4. <\/p>\n
Which of the following does not describe how egg-laying hens are treated in factory farms?<\/p>\n
They are allowed to scratch through dirt and grass looking for seeds and bugs in the fresh open air.<\/p>\n
They are kept in such tight confinement that they cannot lift their wings<\/p>\n
They are starved into a period of \u2018forced molting\u2019<\/p>\n
They have their beaks painfully seared off<\/p>\n
Question 5. <\/p>\n
How do we determine the difference between higher and lower pleasures, according to Mill?<\/p>\n
The relative duration and intensity.<\/p>\n
The preference of those who are acquainted with both.<\/p>\n
The amount of happiness they produce on average.<\/p>\n
We can\u2019t, since there is no difference between pleasures. <\/p>\n
Question 6. <\/p>\n
What moral theory does Jeremy Bentham (with whom Singer seems to agree) endorse?<\/p>\n
Moral relativism<\/p>\n
Anarchism<\/p>\n
Utilitarianism<\/p>\n
Social Contract Theory<\/p>\n
Question 7. <\/p>\n
Which of the following does Tom Regan say about the utilitarian approach to animal ethics?<\/p>\n
It is inadequate because it does not give value to individuals but only to their feelings<\/p>\n
It is perfect because it does not allow for discrimination based upon morally irrelevant attributes like race or species<\/p>\n
It is wrong because it treats human suffering as more important than animal suffering<\/p>\n
It ignores everything that does not have enough \u2018utility\u2019 and therefore does not take into account important things that it does not consider \u2018useful\u2019<\/p>\n
Question 8. <\/p>\n
What happens to the offspring of dairy cows, according to the video \u201cMeet Your Meat\u201d?<\/p>\n
They are taken away at a young age<\/p>\n
They stay with their mothers until a healthy age<\/p>\n
They are placed in animal sanctuaries<\/p>\n
They go to pasture to become breeders<\/p>\n
Question 9. <\/p>\n
Utilitarianism is a form of what broader kind of ethical theory?<\/p>\n
deontological<\/p>\n
consequentialist<\/p>\n
trolly problematic<\/p>\n
egoistical<\/p>\n
Question 10. <\/p>\n
Which of the following does not happen in the \u201cMeet Your Meat\u201d to animals with diseases or injuries on modern factory farms:<\/p>\n
The meat is allowed to be \u201cUSDA pure\u201d<\/p>\n
They are killed for growing too slowly<\/p>\n
They are generally given immediate veterinary attention<\/p>\n
They are taken to slaughter anyway<\/p>\n
Question 11. <\/p>\n
What is the point of Regan\u2019s discussion about Aunt Bea and utilitarianism\u2019s respect for human life?<\/p>\n
Utilitarianism feels that human life is paramount and not to be sacrificed under any circumstance<\/p>\n
Utilitarianism would say that God\u2019s law that \u201cthou shalt not kill\u201d will have very few exceptions<\/p>\n
Utilitarianism says that human life has not much value at all, a person can be killed for relatively minor reasons, like stealing their money<\/p>\n
Because utilitarianism is aggregative, one individual\u2019s right to life can be overridden in order to save many other people\u2019s lives<\/p>\n
Question 12. <\/p>\n
When faced with the complaint that utilitarianism is a doctrine worthy of pigs, Mill responds that pleasures differ in:<\/p>\n
purity.<\/p>\n
quality.<\/p>\n
species.<\/p>\n
weight.<\/p>\n
Question 13. <\/p>\n
According to Mill, utilitarian morality holds that:<\/p>\n
If each individual strives to maximize their own happiness, the happiness of all will follow.<\/p>\n
Each individual is required to sacrifice their own individual happiness for the happiness of all.<\/p>\n
With the right social arrangements and education, individuals can come to associate their own individual happiness with the happiness of all.<\/p>\n
Neither the happiness of the individual nor the happiness of all is worth pursuing, since neither is attainable in this life. <\/p>\n
Question 14. <\/p>\n
What does Tom Regan say is the source of inherent value in an individual?<\/p>\n
Individuals have equal inherent value by virtue of being experiencing subjects of a life, i.e. conscious beings whose lives matter to them<\/p>\n
We have equal inherent value if we are able to experience pain and pleasure, suffering and misery<\/p>\n
We do not all have inherent value; only those that live and abide by moral principles have inherent worth<\/p>\n
Different societies have different views about what is right and wrong, so the \u2018inherent value\u2019 of individuals is relative<\/p>\n
Question 15. <\/p>\n
Which of the following does Peter Singer assert about the principle of equality?<\/p>\n
People should have equal rights because they are factually equal.<\/p>\n
People with higher abilities, it stands to reason, should have greater rights.<\/p>\n
Different groups of humans should have equal rights if scientific investigation proves that there are no genetic differences in their abilities.<\/p>\n
It is a prescription that we should treat people equally regardless of their differing abilities.<\/p>\n
Question 16. <\/p>\n
Tom Regan\u2019s view of animals is that<\/p>\n
They are important but not quite as important as human beings<\/p>\n
They have rights, which means that they should never be used for human purposes<\/p>\n
They may be ethically used because they were bred and raised for that purpose<\/p>\n
That they may be eaten because do not have souls like we do and are lower on the food chain<\/p>\n
Question 17. <\/p>\n
Which of the following makes it difficult to calculate the utility of an act?<\/p>\n
the time frame of the consequences<\/p>\n
disagreements about the meaning of pleasure or happiness<\/p>\n
determining what constitutes the greatest good<\/p>\n
all of the above<\/p>\n
Question 18. <\/p>\n
What does Singer say about finding the basis for moral duties in the \u201cintrinsic dignity\u201d of humanity?<\/p>\n
That God ordained humanity to be the top of the \u201cgreat chain of being\u201d<\/p>\n
That mankind is the most important species because it is the most intelligent<\/p>\n
That dolphins have actually been shown to be more intelligent than humans in many respects<\/p>\n
That such fine phrases are a last resort for philosophers who cannot find a distinction that gives humans worth while denying it to all other species<\/p>\n
Question 19. <\/p>\n
What does Tom Regan say about the cruelty\/kindness approach to animal ethics?<\/p>\n
The best way to explain animal ethics is in terms of our obligation to be kind and not cruel to animals<\/p>\n
It is inadequate because it is possible to do wrong while being kind, and it is possible to do wrong without being deliberately cruel<\/p>\n
It has no relevance to animal ethics because animals are cruel to each other<\/p>\n
You have to be cruel to be kind, in the right measure<\/p>\n
Question 20 <\/p>\n
According to Tom Regan, which of the following should compel us to accept the equal rights of animals?<\/p>\n
Sentiment \u2013 our feelings for the welfare of animals<\/p>\n
Law \u2013 legal regulations requiring us to respect the rights of animals<\/p>\n
Reason \u2013 this theory has the best reasons on its side<\/p>\n
Religion \u2013 the laws of God mandate human compassion<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Set 1 Question 1. When faced with the complaint that utilitarianism is a doctrine worthy of pigs, Mill responds that pleasures differ in: purity quality species weight. Question 2. What does Peter Singer say about the Read More …<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-119900","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benedictsol.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119900","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benedictsol.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benedictsol.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benedictsol.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benedictsol.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=119900"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.benedictsol.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119900\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.benedictsol.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=119900"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benedictsol.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=119900"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.benedictsol.com\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=119900"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}